Modes of Mathematical Modelling. An analysis of how modelling is used and interpreted in and out of school settings
I skolans läroplaner är ett av huvudargumenten för att lära sig matematik att kunskaper i matematik är användbara utanför skolan, det vill säga i vardags-, samhälls- och yrkeslivet. Ett område inom skolmatematiken som tydligt kopplar samman matematik i och utanför skolan är matematisk modellering, vilket även avspeglas i skolans kursplaner där det lyfts fram som ett centralt begrepp. Peter Frejds avhandling behandlar elevers, lärares och experters erfarenheter av att arbeta med matematisk modellering i och utanför skolan.
Peter Frejd
Christer Bergsten, professor, Linköpings universitet. Jonas Ärlebäck Bergman, Dr. Linköpings universitet.
Rudolf Strässer, professor emeritus, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Tyskland.
Linköpings universitet
2014-02-14
Modes of Mathematical Modelling. An analysis of how modelling is used and interpreted in and out of school settings
Tekniska högskolan
Abstrakt
Modes of Mathematical Modelling. An analysis of how modelling is used and interpreted in and out of school settings
The relevance of using mathematics in and for out-of-school activities is one main argument for teaching mathematics in education. Mathematical modelling is considered as a bridge between the mathematics learned and taught in schools and the mathematics used at the workplace and in society and it is also a central notion in the present Swedish mathematical syllabus for upper secondary school. This doctoral thesis reports on students’, teachers’ and modelling experts’ experiences of, learning, teaching and working with mathematical modelling in and out of school settings and their interpretations of the notion of mathematical modelling.
The thesis includes five papers and a preamble, where the papers are summarised, analysed, and discussed. Different methods are being used in the thesis such as video analysis of students’ collaboration working with modelling problem, interview investigations with teachers and expert modellers, content analysis of textbooks and literature review of modelling assessment. Theoretical aspects concerning mathematical modelling and the didactic transposition of modelling are examined.
The results presented in this thesis provide a fragmented picture of the didactic transposition of mathematical modelling in school mathematics in Sweden. There are significant differences in how modellers, teachers and students work with modelling in different practices in terms of the goal with the modelling activity, the risks involved in using the models, the use of technology, division of labour and the construction of mathematical models. However, there are also similarities identified described as important aspects of modelling work in the different practices, such as communication, collaboration, projects, and the use of applying and adapting pre-defined models. Students, teachers and modellers expressed a variety of descriptions of what modelling means. The variety of descriptions in the workplace is not surprising, since their working approaches are quite different, but it makes the notion difficult to transpose into school practise. Questions raised are if it is unrealistic to search for a general definition and if it is really necessary to have a general definition. The consequence, for anyone how uses the notion, is to always be explicit with the meaning.
An implication for teaching is that modelling as it shows in the workplace can never be fully ‘mapped’ in the mathematical classroom. However, it may be possible to ‘simulate’ such activity. Working with mathematical modelling in projects is suggested to simulate workplace activities, which include collaboration and communication between different participants. The modelling problems may for example involve economic and environmental decisions, to prepare students to be critically aware of the use of mathematics in private life and in society, where many decisions are based on mathematical models.
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